Kumzi-mveliso wokuvelisa, umgangatho wezinto ezingafunekiyo zibalulekile kwimpumelelo yemveliso yokugqibela. Ukulawulwa komgangatho kwezinto ezingafunekiyo kubandakanya uthotho lovavanyo kunye novavanyo olwenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zihlangabezana nenkcazo nemigangatho efunekayo. Eli nqaku liza kuthatha ngokunzulu kwinkqubo yovavanyo lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-Q195 intsimbi enjalo i-201, 304 ukuya kwi-304 ukuya kwi-304 ukuya kwi-204 ukuya kwi-204. Siza kuphonononga iimvavanyo zokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kwezi zixhobo.

# # Ukuqonda izinto ezingafunekiyo

Izinto ezingafunekiyo ziizinto ezisisiseko ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuphucula. Izinto ezingafunekiyo ziqala kwizinyithi kunye neeplasitiki ukuya kwiziko kunye ne-ceramics. Phakathi kwawo, intsimbi yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa zisetyenziswayo ngenxa yamandla ayo, ukuqina kunye nokungabi kokuqonda. Amabakala ahlukeneyo entsimbi, njenge-Q195 kunye namanqanaba ensizi eyahlukeneyo, banepropathi ethile ebangela ukuba izicelo ezahlukeneyo.

I-Q195 intsimbi

I-Q195 yintsimbi yekhabhoni ephantsi edla ngokusetyenziswa kwimveliso yeengcingo, imibhobho, kunye nezinye izinto ezezezinye. Kuyaziwa ukulingana kwayo okuhle kunye nokwenziwa kwayo, kuyenza ukhetho oluthandwayo kulwakhiwo kunye nemizi mveliso. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba intsimbi ye-Q195 ihlangabezana nemigangatho eyimfuneko, kufuneka ifumane uvavanyo lolawulo oluphambili.

### Amabakala ensizi engenanto: 2013, 304 no-316

Intsimbi engenanto yenye into ephambili kwishishini lemveliso, ngakumbi kumashishini afuna ukumelana nokungakhathali, njengokwendlela yokutya, amayeza, kunye nezicelo zaselwandle. Elona qoko liqhelekileyo lensimbi engenasimo ibandakanya ngo-201, 304, kunye ne-316, nganye inepropathi eyahlukileyo:

- ** Intsimbi ye-2019: Eli Babakala laziwa ngokuchasene ne-Oxidation yalo kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa kwizicelo apho kufuneka khona. Ayibizi kakhulu kunezinye izitho ezingenanto, kodwa zingekhe zizenzele iindawo ezinokubakho kakhulu.

- ** I-304 intsimbi engenasibala **: Le yenye yezona nqanaba zisetyenziswa kakhulu zentsimbi engenasimo ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwe-corosion yayo kunye neepropathi ezintle zoomatshini. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwizixhobo zekhitshi, ukulungiswa kokutya, kunye neziqulatho zekheminyi.

- ** 316 Intsimbi engenasibala **: Yaziwa ngokuchasene ne-pherrosidel yokuguqula, ngakumbi kwi-chloride, intsimbi engama-316 isetyenziswa rhoqo kwizicelo zekhemine.

# Ukubaluleka kolawulo oluphambili

Ukulawulwa komgangatho kwezinto ezingafunekiyo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwimveliso ifezekisa iinkcukacha ezifunekayo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya iitsheki ezininzi eziphambili kunye novavanyo, kubandakanya:

### 1. Jonga i-bandwidth kunye nobunzima

Ububanzi kunye nobubanzi bezinto eziluhlaza zizinto eziphambili ezichaphazela intsebenzo yemveliso yokugqibela. Umzekelo, kunye neepleyiti zentsimbi okanye amashiti, ubukhulu kufuneka bungqinelane ukuqinisekisa amandla eyunifomu kunye nokuqina. Nakuphi na ukuphambuka kungakhokelela kwiindawo ezibuthathaka kwisakhiwo, ezinokubangela ukungaphumeleli ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlola, abavelisi basebenzisa i-calipers kunye nemicrometer ukuba alinganise ngokuchanekileyo ubungqindi bezinto ezibonakalayo. Ububanzi bebhanti bulinganiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlangabezana nobungakanani obuchaziweyo. Nakuphi na ukungangqinelani kufuneka kusonjululwe ngaphambi kokuba izinto zivunyiwe.

### 2. Uvavanyo lobunzima

Ubunzima ngumlinganiso wokunganyangeki kwempahla nokunxiba. Ubunzima yinto ephambili yepropathi yezicelo ezifuna ukuqina namandla. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya ubunzima, ezinjenge-rockwell, i-brinell, kunye neViskers, zinokusetyenziselwa ukumisela ubunzima bezinto ezingafunekiyo.

Umzekelo, i-Q195 intsimbi inokuba nzima ivavanywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifezekisile iinkcazo ezifunekayo ukuze zisetyenziswe. Ngokufanayo, 201, 304 kunye nama-316 amabamba ensizi anokufuna uvavanyo lobunzima ukuqinisekisa inqanaba labo, elichaphazela intsebenzo yabo kwiindawo ezinobunzima.

### 3. Uvavanyo lweTensle

Ukuvavanywa kobungqingiwa yenye into ebalulekileyo yolawulo lomgangatho wezinto ezisemgangathweni. Olu vavanyo lulinganisa amandla kunye ne-fuctring yento esetyenziswayo i-tenses de ibe ikhefu ngezinto ezibonakalayo. Iziphumo zibonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga namandla esivelisi, amandla aphezulu obumba, kunye ne-elongwation.

Umzekelo, ukuvavanywa kobungqingili kwentsimbi ye-Q195 kunceda ekumiseleni ukufaneleka kwayo kwizicelo zesakhiwo, ngelixa uvavanyo lwamabanga ensizi engenasitali kunokuqinisekisa amandla alo okumelana neemeko ezahlukeneyo. Idatha efunyenwe kuvavanyo lwentenkile ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuba izinto ziya kwenza ukuba kulindelwe isicelo.

## ukuququmbela

Ukulawulwa komgangatho kwezinto ezingafunekiyo yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso yokugqibela. Ngokuhlolisisa kunye nokuvavanya izinto ezinjenge-Q195 intsimbi kunye ne-184 ne-306 ye-Grain ye-Grain, abavelisi banokufumana nayiphi na imiba enokubakho ngaphambi kokuba babe ziingxaki ezinokubakho. Ukujonga i-bandwidth, ubukhulu, ubunzima kunye neemvavanyo ze-tensle zonke izinto eziphambili zale nkqubo. Ekugqibeleni, inkqubo yolawulo oluqinileyo esemgangathweni ayiphuhlisi nje kuphela imveliso, kodwa ikhuthaza impumelelo iyonke yeshishini lokuvelisa. Njengoko eli shishini liyaqhubeka ukuvela, ukubaluleka kolawulo lwenqanaba lokuphatha izinto ezibonakalayo kuya kuhlala lilitye lembombo lokwenza okugqibeleleyo.